Harvard Scholar Howard Gardner Reflects On His Life And Work ~ UltimateNews

Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner is the pioneer in this multiple intelligences field. Gardner first posited the idea of many types of intelligence in the early Gardner proposed that there are eight intelligences, and has suggested the possible addition of a ninth known as "existentialist intelligence."ACTIVITY: DEVELOPING AND PRESENTING A LESSON ON INTELLIGENCE Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes that we do not have an intelligence, but instead have multiple intelligences, each relatively independent of the others.Dr. Gardner explains his multiple intelligence theory on Edutopia.org.The correct answer is: Howard Gardner proposed that there are multiple intelligences. Beyond the three general categories in which people learn: visual learners, auditory learners and kinesthetic learners, Gardner's theory led to the development of six intelligences in the beginning...Dr. Howard Gardner, a professor of education at Harvard University, developed his groundbreaking theory of multiple intelligences in 1983. His theory suggests that traditional notions of intelligence as one general ability are far too narrow. Instead, Gardner proposed a list of eight different types of...

Howard Gardner`s theory of multiple intelligences proposes that we

In 1983, Howard Gardner proposed that intelligence wasn't just dominated by a single, generalized ability. Once Gardner identified these core components for his theory, he also identified specific abilities that could be used as evidence to show that the criteria for intelligence had been met.To continue with our theme of diversity in learning types, we will dive deeper into the world of educational psychology and discuss Howard Gardner's In the 1980s, a Harvard psychologist named Harvard Gardner proposed one such theory that expanded on the view of traditional intelligence.Gardner notes that the linguistic and logical-mathematical modalities are most typed valued in school and society. Gardner also suggests that there may other The theory of multiple intelligences was first proposed by Howard Gardner in his 1983 book "Frames of Mind", where he broadens the definition...Question: Howard Gardner Proposed That: Question 10 Options: 1) Analytical, Practical, And Creative Intelligences Are Related To Each Other. 2) Intelligence Is Inherited.

Howard Gardner of The Multiple Intelligence Theory - YouTube

...?First Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences In 1983 Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences to study and give a better description of the idea of intelligence. He suggests that the traditional description of intelligence in psychometrics by mistake proposes that the broad...Howard Gardner ( Howard Gardner - Wikipedia. ) proposed this concept in his 1983 book titled Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligence. As per Wikipedia: Gardner proposed eight abilities that he held to meet these criteria: musical-rhythmic, visual-spatialGardner proposes seven primary forms: linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, body-kinesthetic, intrapersonal (e.g., insight, metacognition) and interpersonal Gardner also emphasizes the cultural context of multiple intelligences. Each culture tends to emphasize particular intelligences.Howard Gardner was an American developmental psychologist who developed the theory of multiple intelligences. Gardner proposed that people have different ways of processing stimuli and information and theorized that these different types of intelligence mostly work independently of each other.Howard Gardner proposes that there is not a single intelligence, but rather that there are nine, maybe more. These include Linguistic intelligence, Logical/Mathematical intelligence, Visual/Spatial intelligence, Musical intelligence, Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence, Interpersonal intelligence...

Cognitive PsychologyIntelligenceMultiple Intelligences

By Michele Marenus, published June 09, 2020

What is Multiple Intelligences Theory?Howard Gardner's principle of a couple of intelligences proposes that other people don't seem to be born with all of the intelligence they will ever have.This idea challenged the traditional perception that there's one single form of intelligence, now and again known as œg" for basic intelligence, that simplest focuses on cognitive abilities.To broaden this perception of intelligence, Gardner introduced eight various kinds of intelligences consisting of: Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and Naturalist.Gardner notes that the linguistic and logical-mathematical modalities are maximum typed valued in school and society.Gardner also suggests that there may different œcandidate" intelligences"reminiscent of religious intelligence, existential intelligence, and moral intelligence"however does no longer consider those meet his original inclusion criteria. (Gardner, 2011).

The theory of multiple intelligences used to be first proposed through Howard Gardner in his 1983 e book œFrames of Mind", where he broadens the definition of intelligence and outlines several distinct types of highbrow competencies.

Gardner evolved a sequence of 8 inclusion standards whilst evaluating every "candidate" intelligence that was based on a variety of scientific disciplines.

He writes that we may all have these intelligences, but our profile of these intelligence may differ individually based on genetics or experience.

Gardner defines intelligence as a œbiopsychological potential to process information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems or create products that are of value in a culture" (Gardner, 2000, p.28).

1 Linguistic Intelligence (œword smart")

Linguistic Intelligence is a part of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory that deals with sensitivity to the spoken and written language, ability to learn languages, and capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals.

People with linguistic intelligence, such as William Shakespeare and Oprah Winfrey, have an ability to analyze information and create products involving oral and written language such as speeches, books, and memos.

Potential Career Choices

Careers you could dominate with your linguistic intelligence:

Lawyer

Speaker / Host

Author

Journalist

Curator

2 Logical-Mathematical Intelligence (œnumber/reasoning smart")

Logical-mathematical intelligence refers to the capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically.

People with logical-mathematical intelligence, such as Albert Einstein and Bill Gates, have an ability to develop equations and proofs, make calculations, and solve abstract problems.

Potential Career Choices

Careers you could dominate with your logical-mathematical intelligence:

Mathematician

Accountant

Statistician

Scientist

Computer Analyst

3 Spatial Intelligence (œpicture smart")

Spatial intelligence features the potential to recognize and manipulate the patterns of wide space (those used, for instance, by navigators and pilots) as well as the patterns of more confined areas, such as those of importance to sculptors, surgeons, chess players, graphic artists, or architects.

People with spatial intelligence, such as Frank Lloyd Wright and Amelia Earhart, have an ability to recognize and manipulate large-scale and fine-grained spatial images.

Potential Career Choices

Careers you could dominate with your spatial intelligence:

Pilot

Surgeon

Architect

Graphic Artist

Interior Decorator

4 Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence (œbody smart")

Bodily kinesthetic intelligence is the potential of using one™s whole body or parts of the body (like the hand or the mouth) to solve problems or to fashion products.

People with bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, such as Michael Jordan and Simone Biles, have an ability to use one™s own body to create products, perform skills, or solve problems through mind"body union.

Potential Career Choices

Careers you could dominate with your bodily-kinesthetic intelligence:

Dancer

Athlete

Surgeon

Mechanic

Carpenter

Physical Therapist

5 Musical Intelligence (œmusic smart")

Musical intelligence refers to the skill in the performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns.

People with musical intelligence, such as Beethoven and Ed Sheeran, have an ability to recognize and create musical pitch, rhythm, timbre, and tone.

Potential Career Choices

Careers you could dominate with your musical intelligence:

Singer

Composer

Musician

6 Interpersonal Intelligence (œpeople smart")

Interpersonal intelligence is the capacity to understand the intentions, motivations, and desires of other people and consequently to work effectively with others.

People with interpersonal intelligence, such as Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa, have an ability to recognize and understand other people™s moods, desires, motivations, and intentions.

Potential Career Choices

Careers you could dominate with your interpersonal intelligence:

Teacher

Psychologist

Manager

Salespeople

Public Relations

7 Intrapersonal Intelligence (œself smart")

Intrapersonal intelligence is the capacity to understand oneself, to have an effective working model of oneself-including own™s desires, fears, and capacities"and to use such information effectively in regulating one™s own life.

People with intrapersonal intelligence, such as Aristotle and Maya Angelou, have an ability to recognize and understand his or her own moods, desires, motivations, and intentions.

This type of intelligence can help a person to understand which life goals are important and how to achieve them.

Potential Career Choices

Careers you could dominate with your intrapersonal intelligence:

Therapist

Psychologist

Counselor

Entrepreneur

Clergy

8 Naturalist intelligence (œnature smart")

Naturalistic intelligence involves expertise in the recognition and classification of the numerous species"the flora and fauna"of his or her environment.

People with naturalistic intelligence, such as Charles Darwin and Jane Goddall, have an ability to identify and distinguish among different types of plants, animals, and weather formations that are found in the natural world.

Potential Career Choices

Careers you could dominate with your naturalist intelligence:

Botanist

Biologist

Astronomer

Meteorologist

Geologist

Critical Evaluation

Most of the resistance to multiple intelligences theory has come from cognitive psychologists and psychometricians. Cognitive psychologists such as Waterhouse (2006) claimed that there is no empirical evidence to the validity of the theory of multiple intelligences.

Psychometricians, or psychologists involved in testing, argue that intelligence tests support the concept for a single general intelligence, œg", rather than the eight distinct competencies (Gottfredson, 2004). Other researches argue these Gardner™s intelligences come second or third to the œg" factor (Visser, Ashton, & Vernon, 2006).

Some responses to this criticism include that the Multiple Intelligences theory doesn™t dispute the existence of the œg" factor; it proposes that it is equal along with the other intelligences. Many critics overlook the inclusion criteria set forth by Gardner.

These criteria are strongly supported by empirical evidence in psychology, biology, neuroscience, among others. Gardner admits that traditional psychologists were valid is criticizing the lack of operational definitions for the intelligences, that is, to figure out how to measure and test the various competencies (Davis et al., 2011).

Gardner was surprised to find that Multiple Intelligences theory has been used most widely in educational contexts. He developed this theory to challenge academic psychologists, and therefore did not present many educational suggestions. For this reason, teachers and educators were able to take the theory and apply it as they saw fit.

As it gained popularity in this field, Gardner has maintained that practitioners should determine the theory™s best use in classrooms. He has often declined opportunities to aid in curriculum development that uses multiple intelligences theory, opting to only provide feedback at most (Gardner, 2011).

Most of the criticism has come from those removed from the classroom, such as journalists and academics. Educators are not typically tied to the same standard of evidence and are less concerned with abstract inconsistencies, which has given them the freedom to apply it with their students and let the results speak for itself (Armstrong, 2019).

Implications for Learning

The most important educational implications from the theory of multiple intelligences can be summed up through individuation and pluralization. Individuation posits that because each person differs from other another there is no logical reason to teach and assess students identically.

Individualized education has typically been reserved for the wealthy and others who could afford to hire tutors to address individual students™ needs.

Technology has now made it possible for more people to access a variety of teachings and assessments depending on their needs. Pluralization, the idea that topics and skills should be taught in more than one way, activates individual™s multiple intelligences.

Presenting a variety of activities and approaches to learning helps reach all students and encourages them to be able to think about the subjects from various perspectives, deepening their knowledge of that topic (Gardner, 2011b).

A common misconception about the theory of multiple intelligences is that it is synonymous with learning styles. Gardner states that learning styles refer to the way an individual is most comfortable approaching a range of tasks and materials.

Multiple intelligences theory states that everyone has all eight intelligences at varying degrees of proficiency and an individual™s learning style is unrelated to the areas in which they are the most intelligent.

For example, someone with linguistic intelligence may not necessarily learn best through writing and reading. Classifying students by their learning styles or intelligences alone may limit their potential for learning.

Research shows that students are more engaged and learn best when they are given various ways to demonstrate their knowledge and skills, which also helps teachers more accurately assess student learning (Darling-Hammond, 2010).

About the Author

Michele Marenus is a research assistant at the Ecological Approaches to Social and Emotional Learning (EASEL) Lab at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. She received her master's from Harvard in 2019 in Human Development and Psychology and she will be starting her doctorate at the University of Michigan.

How to reference this article:

Marenus, M. (2020, June 09). Gardner's theory of multiple intelligencesy. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/multiple-intelligences.html

APA Style References

Armstrong, T. (2009). Multiple intelligences in the school room. Ascd.

Darling-Hammond, L. (2010). Performance Counts: Assessment Systems That Support High-Quality Learning. Council of Chief State School Officers.

Edutopia. (2013, March 8). Multiple Intelligences: What Does the Research Say? https://www.edutopia.org/multiple-intelligences-research

Gardner, H. E. (2000). Intelligence reframed: Multiple intelligences for the 21st century. Hachette UK.

Gardner, H. (2011a). Frames of thoughts: The idea of more than one intelligences. Hachette Uk.

Gardner, H. (2011b). The theory of multiple intelligences: As psychology, as education, as social science. Address delivered at José Cela University on October, 29, 2011.

Gottfredson, L. S. (2004). Schools and the g issue. The Wilson Quarterly (1976-), 28(3), 35-45.Visser, B. A., Ashton, M. C., & Vernon, P. A. (2006). Beyond g: Putting multiple intelligences principle to the take a look at. Intelligence, 34(5), 487-502.Waterhouse, L. (2006). Inadequate proof for a couple of intelligences, Mozart effect, and emotional intelligence theories. Educational psychologist, 41(4), 247-255.

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